Types of Petroleum Refinery - Complexity/Configuration

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An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils. Each petroleum refinery is uniquely configured to process a specific raw material into a desired slate of products. In order to determine which configuration is most economical, engineers and planners survey the local market for petroleum products and assess the available raw materials. Following are the petroleum refinery types/configurations used worldwide.

Topping Refinery:

The topping refinery just separated the crude into its constituent petroleum products by distillation, known as atmospheric distillation. Topping refinery produces naphtha but no gasoline.

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Schematic of Topping Refinery

Hydroskimming Refinery:

The hydroskimming refinery is equipped with atmospheric distillation, naphtha reforming and necessary treating processes. This type of refinery is more complex than a topping refinery and it produces gasoline.

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Schematic of Hydroskimming Refinery


Cracking Refinery:

The cracking or hydro cracking refinery, in addition to hydroskimming refinery, is equipped with vacuum distillation and catalytic cracking. The cracking refinery adds one more level of complexity to the hydroskimming refinery by reducing fuel oil by conversion to light distillates and middle distillates.

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Schematic of Cracking Refinery

Coking Refinery:

The coking refinery is equipped to process the vacuum residue into high value products using the delayed coking process. The coking refinery adds further complexity to the cracking refinery by high conversion of fuel oil into distillates and petroleum coke.

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Schematic of Coking Refinery

Integrated Refinery:

The integrated refinery is equipped to upgrade its LNG or naphtha into basic petrochemicals by way of aromatics production of Benzene, Cyclohexene, Meta xylene, Ortho xylene, Para xylene and Toluene or naphtha cracking.

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Schematic of Integrated Refinery




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